If this function returns 0, a
is
definitely not prime. If it returns 1, then
a
is "probably" prime. If it returns 2,
then a
is surely prime. Reasonable values
of reps
vary from 5 to 10 (default being
10); a higher value lowers the probability for a non-prime to
pass as a "probable" prime.
The function uses Miller-Rabin's probabilistic test.